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Cache Interface

This is a high-level guide to cache interface and Kconfig options related to cache controllers. See Cache API for API reference material.

Zephyr has different Kconfig options to control how the cache controller is implemented and controlled.

CONFIG_CPU_HAS_DCACHE / CONFIG_CPU_HAS_ICACHE: these hidden options should be selected at SoC / platform level when the CPU actually supports a data or instruction cache. The cache controller can be in the core or can be an external cache controller for which a driver is provided.

These options have the goal to document an available feature and should be set whether we plan to support and use the caches in Zephyr or not.
CONFIG_DCACHE / CONFIG_ICACHE: these options must be selected when support for data or instruction cache is present and working in zephyr.

All the code paths related to cache control must be conditionally enabled depending on these symbols. When the symbol is set the cache is considered enabled and used.

These symbols say nothing about the actual API interface exposed to the user. For example a platform using the data cache can enable the CONFIG_DCACHE symbol and use some HAL exported function in some platform-specific code to enable and manage the d-cache.
CONFIG_CACHE_MANAGEMENT: this option must be selected when the cache operations are exposed to the user through a standard API (see Cache API).

When this option is enabled we assume that all the cache functions are implemented in the architectural code or in an external cache controller driver.
CONFIG_ARCH_CACHE/CONFIG_EXTERNAL_CACHE: mutually exclusive options for CACHE_TYPE used to define whether the cache operations are implemented at arch level or using an external cache controller with a provided driver.
- CONFIG_ARCH_CACHE: the cache API is implemented by the arch code
- CONFIG_EXTERNAL_CACHE: the cache API is implemented by a driver that supports the external cache controller. In this case the driver must be located as usual in the drivers/cache/ directory

Cache API

group cache_interface

Functions

ALWAYS_INLINE static void sys_cache_data_enable(void)

Enable the d-cache.

Enable the data cache

ALWAYS_INLINE static void sys_cache_data_disable(void)

Disable the d-cache.

Disable the data cache

ALWAYS_INLINE static void sys_cache_instr_enable(void)

Enable the i-cache.

Enable the instruction cache

ALWAYS_INLINE static void sys_cache_instr_disable(void)

Disable the i-cache.

Disable the instruction cache

ALWAYS_INLINE static int sys_cache_data_flush_all(void)

Flush the d-cache.

Flush the whole data cache.

Return values:

0 – If succeeded.
-ENOTSUP – If not supported.
-errno – Negative errno for other failures.

ALWAYS_INLINE static int sys_cache_instr_flush_all(void)

Flush the i-cache.

Flush the whole instruction cache.

Return values:

0 – If succeeded.
-ENOTSUP – If not supported.
-errno – Negative errno for other failures.

ALWAYS_INLINE static int sys_cache_data_invd_all(void)

Invalidate the d-cache.

Invalidate the whole data cache.

Return values:

0 – If succeeded.
-ENOTSUP – If not supported.
-errno – Negative errno for other failures.

ALWAYS_INLINE static int sys_cache_instr_invd_all(void)

Invalidate the i-cache.

Invalidate the whole instruction cache.

Return values:

0 – If succeeded.
-ENOTSUP – If not supported.
-errno – Negative errno for other failures.

ALWAYS_INLINE static int sys_cache_data_flush_and_invd_all(void)

Flush and Invalidate the d-cache.

Flush and Invalidate the whole data cache.

Return values:

0 – If succeeded.
-ENOTSUP – If not supported.
-errno – Negative errno for other failures.

ALWAYS_INLINE static int sys_cache_instr_flush_and_invd_all(void)

Flush and Invalidate the i-cache.

Flush and Invalidate the whole instruction cache.

Return values:

0 – If succeeded.
-ENOTSUP – If not supported.
-errno – Negative errno for other failures.

int sys_cache_data_flush_range(void *addr, size_t size)

Flush an address range in the d-cache.

Flush the specified address range of the data cache.

Note

the cache operations act on cache line. When multiple data structures share the same cache line being flushed, all the portions of the data structures sharing the same line will be flushed. This is usually not a problem because writing back is a non-destructive process that could be triggered by hardware at any time, so having an aligned addr or a padded size is not strictly necessary.

Parameters:

addr – Starting address to flush.
size – Range size.

Return values:

0 – If succeeded.
-ENOTSUP – If not supported.
-errno – Negative errno for other failures.

ALWAYS_INLINE static int sys_cache_instr_flush_range(void *addr, size_t size)

Flush an address range in the i-cache.

Flush the specified address range of the instruction cache.

Note

the cache operations act on cache line. When multiple data structures share the same cache line being flushed, all the portions of the data structures sharing the same line will be flushed. This is usually not a problem because writing back is a non-destructive process that could be triggered by hardware at any time, so having an aligned addr or a padded size is not strictly necessary.

Parameters:

addr – Starting address to flush.
size – Range size.

Return values:

0 – If succeeded.
-ENOTSUP – If not supported.
-errno – Negative errno for other failures.

int sys_cache_data_invd_range(void *addr, size_t size)

Invalidate an address range in the d-cache.

Invalidate the specified address range of the data cache.

Note

the cache operations act on cache line. When multiple data structures share the same cache line being invalidated, all the portions of the non-read-only data structures sharing the same line will be invalidated as well. This is a destructive process that could lead to data loss and/or corruption. When addr is not aligned to the cache line and/or size is not a multiple of the cache line size the behaviour is undefined.

Parameters:

addr – Starting address to invalidate.
size – Range size.

Return values:

0 – If succeeded.
-ENOTSUP – If not supported.
-errno – Negative errno for other failures.

ALWAYS_INLINE static int sys_cache_instr_invd_range(void *addr, size_t size)

Invalidate an address range in the i-cache.

Invalidate the specified address range of the instruction cache.

Note

the cache operations act on cache line. When multiple data structures share the same cache line being invalidated, all the portions of the non-read-only data structures sharing the same line will be invalidated as well. This is a destructive process that could lead to data loss and/or corruption. When addr is not aligned to the cache line and/or size is not a multiple of the cache line size the behaviour is undefined.

Parameters:

addr – Starting address to invalidate.
size – Range size.

Return values:

0 – If succeeded.
-ENOTSUP – If not supported.
-errno – Negative errno for other failures.

int sys_cache_data_flush_and_invd_range(void *addr, size_t size)

Flush and Invalidate an address range in the d-cache.

Flush and Invalidate the specified address range of the data cache.

Note

the cache operations act on cache line. When multiple data structures share the same cache line being flushed, all the portions of the data structures sharing the same line will be flushed before being invalidated. This is usually not a problem because writing back is a non-destructive process that could be triggered by hardware at any time, so having an aligned addr or a padded size is not strictly necessary.

Parameters:

addr – Starting address to flush and invalidate.
size – Range size.

Return values:

0 – If succeeded.
-ENOTSUP – If not supported.
-errno – Negative errno for other failures.

ALWAYS_INLINE static int sys_cache_instr_flush_and_invd_range(void *addr, size_t size)

Flush and Invalidate an address range in the i-cache.

Flush and Invalidate the specified address range of the instruction cache.

Note

the cache operations act on cache line. When multiple data structures share the same cache line being flushed, all the portions of the data structures sharing the same line will be flushed before being invalidated. This is usually not a problem because writing back is a non-destructive process that could be triggered by hardware at any time, so having an aligned addr or a padded size is not strictly necessary.

Parameters:

addr – Starting address to flush and invalidate.
size – Range size.

Return values:

0 – If succeeded.
-ENOTSUP – If not supported.
-errno – Negative errno for other failures.

ALWAYS_INLINE static size_t sys_cache_data_line_size_get(void)

Get the d-cache line size.

The API is provided to get the data cache line.

The cache line size is calculated (in order of priority):

At run-time when CONFIG_DCACHE_LINE_SIZE_DETECT is set.
At compile time using the value set in CONFIG_DCACHE_LINE_SIZE .
At compile time using the d-cache-line-size CPU0 property of the DT.
0 otherwise

Return values:

size – Size of the d-cache line.
0 – If the d-cache is not enabled.

ALWAYS_INLINE static size_t sys_cache_instr_line_size_get(void)

Get the i-cache line size.

The API is provided to get the instruction cache line.

The cache line size is calculated (in order of priority):

At run-time when CONFIG_ICACHE_LINE_SIZE_DETECT is set.
At compile time using the value set in CONFIG_ICACHE_LINE_SIZE .
At compile time using the i-cache-line-size CPU0 property of the DT.
0 otherwise

Return values:

size – Size of the d-cache line.
0 – If the d-cache is not enabled.

ALWAYS_INLINE static bool sys_cache_is_ptr_cached(void *ptr)

Test if a pointer is in cached region.

Some hardware may map the same physical memory twice so that it can be seen in both (incoherent) cached mappings and a coherent “shared” area. This tests if a particular pointer is within the cached, coherent area.

Parameters:

ptr – Pointer

Return values:

True – if pointer is in cached region.
False – if pointer is not in cached region.

ALWAYS_INLINE static bool sys_cache_is_ptr_uncached(void *ptr)

Test if a pointer is in un-cached region.

Some hardware may map the same physical memory twice so that it can be seen in both (incoherent) cached mappings and a coherent “shared” area. This tests if a particular pointer is within the un-cached, incoherent area.

Parameters:

ptr – Pointer

Return values:

True – if pointer is not in cached region.
False – if pointer is in cached region.

ALWAYS_INLINE static void *sys_cache_cached_ptr_get(void *ptr)

Return cached pointer to a RAM address.

This function takes a pointer to any addressable object (either in cacheable memory or not) and returns a pointer that can be used to refer to the same memory through the L1 data cache. Data read through the resulting pointer will reflect locally cached values on the current CPU if they exist, and writes will go first into the cache and be written back later.