QEMU Emulation for X86 64bit

Overview

The X86_64 QEMU board configuration is used to emulate the x86 architecture running in 64-bit long mode.

It uses the same emulated q35 machine as QEMU Emulation for X86, adding a second CPU for SMP testing and an emulated Intel PCH SMBus controller. The qemu_x86_64/atom/nokpti variant runs the same configuration with kernel page table isolation disabled.

Hardware

Supported Features

The qemu_x86_64 board supports the hardware features listed below.

on-chip / on-board: Feature integrated in the SoC / present on the board.
2 / 2: Number of instances that are enabled / disabled.
Click on the label to see the first instance of this feature in the board/SoC DTS files.
vnd,foo: Compatible string for the Devicetree binding matching the feature.
Click on the link to view the binding documentation.

`qemu_x86_64/atom` target

On-target memory for this board target: 32 MiB of RAM, 4 MiB of Flash.

Type	Location	Description	Compatible
CPU	on-chip	Generic x86-64 qemu CPU2	`intel,x86_64`
CAN	on-board	Kvaser PCIcan1	`kvaser,pcican`
Display	on-board	QEMU RAM framebuffer display device1	`qemu,ramfb`
Ethernet	on-board	Intel E1000 Ethernet controller1	`intel,e1000`
Firmware	on-board	QEMU fw_cfg (I/O port transport)1	`qemu,fw-cfg-ioport`
Input	on-board	VIRTIO Input device1	`virtio,input`
Interrupt controller	on-chip	Intel I/O Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller (APIC)1	`intel,ioapic`
Interrupt controller	on-chip	Local Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller (APIC)1	`intel,loapic`
Multi-Function Device	on-chip	Motorola MC146818 MFD1	`motorola,mc146818-mfd`
MTD	on-board	Flash node2	`soc-nv-flash`
PCIe	on-board	Generic PCIe host controller1	`pcie-controller`
RTC	on-chip	Motorola MC146818 compatible Real Timer Clock1	`motorola,mc146818`
Serial controller	on-chip	ns16550 UART2	`ns16550`
SMbus	on-board	Intel Platform Controller Hub SMBus1	`intel,pch-smbus`
Timer	on-chip	HPET (High-Precision Event Timer)1	`intel,hpet`
Virtio	on-board	VIRTIO over PCI1	`virtio,pci`

Programming and Debugging

The qemu_x86_64 board supports the runners and associated west commands listed below.

	flash	debug	debugserver
qemu	✅ (default)	✅ (default)	✅

Applications for the qemu_x86_64 board configuration can be built and run in the usual way for emulated boards (see Building an Application and Run an Application for more details).

Flashing

While this board is emulated and you can’t “flash” it, you can use this configuration to run basic Zephyr applications and kernel tests in the QEMU emulated environment. For example, with the Basic Synchronization sample:

# From the root of the zephyr repository
west build -b qemu_x86_64 samples/synchronization
west build -t run

Exit QEMU by pressing CTRL+A x.

UEFI Boot

The qemu_x86_64 platform also supports the UEFI bootable method to run Zephyr applications and kernel tests, but you need to set up some environment configurations as follows:

Please install uefi-run in your system environment according to this reference link https://github.com/Richard-W/uefi-run. Note that uefi-run from snapstore may not work because of strict snap confinements. The preferred method is installing with cargo.
Please install OVMF in your system environment according to this reference link https://github.com/tianocore/tianocore.github.io/wiki/OVMF. The easiest way is to install a special ovmf package found in many distros. For example, use the following command in Ubuntu:
```
sudo apt install ovmf
```
Set system environment variable OVMF_FD_PATH, for example:
```
export OVMF_FD_PATH=/usr/share/OVMF/OVMF_CODE.fd
```

Now you can build application, for example UEFI boot test sample found under tests/boot/uefi:

# From the root of the zephyr repository
west build -b qemu_x86_64 tests/boot/uefi
west build -t run

This will build an image with the uefi boot test app, boot it on qemu_x86_64 using UEFI, and display the following console output:

UEFI Interactive Shell v2.2
EDK II
UEFI v2.70 (EDK II, 0x00010000)
Mapping table
      FS0: Alias(s):F0a:;BLK0:
          PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1,0x1)/Ata(0x0)
     BLK1: Alias(s):
          PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1,0x1)/Ata(0x0)
Press ESC in 1 seconds to skip startup.nsh or any other key to continue.
Starting UEFI application...
*** Zephyr EFI Loader ***
Zeroing 524544 bytes of memory at 0x105000
Copying 32768 data bytes to 0x1000 from image offset
Copying 20480 data bytes to 0x100000 from image offset 32768
Copying 540416 data bytes to 0x185100 from image offset 53248
Jumping to Entry Point: 0x112b (48 31 c0 48 31 d2 48)
*** Booting Zephyr OS build zephyr-v2.6.0-1472-g61810ec36d28  ***
Hello World! qemu_x86_64

Exit QEMU by pressing CTRL+A x.

Debugging

Refer to the detailed overview about Application Debugging.

Networking

The board supports SLIP networking over an emulated serial port (CONFIG_NET_SLIP_TAP=y). The detailed setup is described in Networking with QEMU.

It is also possible to use the QEMU built-in Ethernet adapter to connect to the host system. This is faster than using SLIP and is also the preferred way. See Networking with QEMU Ethernet for details.