Wio Tracker L1

Overview

The Seeed Studio Wio Tracker L1 is a LoRa + GNSS tracker based on a Nordic Semiconductor nRF52840. The board is sold as a Meshtastic node, with optional variants (notably the L1 Pro) that bundle the same signal board with an enclosure and an integrated battery.

For more information, see the Wio Tracker L1 product page [1] and the Wio Tracker L1 wiki [2].

Hardware

The Wio Tracker L1 signal board carries:

Nordic Semiconductor nRF52840 (ARM Cortex-M4F, 1 MB flash / 256 kB RAM, Bluetooth 5 and IEEE 802.15.4 transceiver, native USB 2.0 full-speed).
Semtech SX1262 LoRa modem (862-930 MHz) with TCXO (DIO3, 1.8 V) and an RF switch driven by DIO2 plus a separate LNA-enable line on P1.08.
Quectel L76K GNSS receiver (GPS / BeiDou) on UART0 at 9600 baud.
16 Mbit Puya P25Q16H QSPI flash.
1.3” SH1106 OLED on the primary I²C bus.
External Grove I²C connector on TWIM1.
One user LED, one user button, a buzzer (PWM), a 5-way trackball and a battery voltage divider gated by a control GPIO.
USB Type-C connector wired to the nRF52840 native USB peripheral.

Connections and IOs

Pin	Direction	Function	Usage
P1.01	OUT	GPIO	User LED (active high)
P0.08	IN	GPIO	User Button (active low)
P0.30	OUT	SPIM3 SCK	SX1262 LoRa SCK
P0.03	IN	SPIM3 MISO	SX1262 LoRa MISO
P0.28	OUT	SPIM3 MOSI	SX1262 LoRa MOSI
P1.14	OUT	GPIO	SX1262 NSS (chip select)
P0.07	IN	GPIO	SX1262 DIO1 (IRQ)
P1.10	IN	GPIO	SX1262 BUSY
P1.07	OUT	GPIO	SX1262 RESET (active low)
P1.08	OUT	GPIO	SX1262 RX-enable
P0.27	OUT	UART0 TX	L76K GNSS RX
P0.26	IN	UART0 RX	L76K GNSS TX
P0.05	OUT	TWIM0 SCL	SH1106 OLED I²C
P0.06	I/O	TWIM0 SDA	SH1106 OLED I²C
P1.11	I/O	TWIM1 SDA	Grove I²C SDA
P1.12	OUT	TWIM1 SCL	Grove I²C SCL
P1.04	IN	GPIO	Trackball Up
P0.12	IN	GPIO	Trackball Down
P0.11	IN	GPIO	Trackball Left
P1.03	IN	GPIO	Trackball Right
P1.05	IN	GPIO	Trackball Press
P0.04	OUT	GPIO	Battery divider enable
P0.31	AIN7	ADC	Battery voltage sense
P0.21	OUT	QSPI SCK	Puya P25Q16H flash
P0.20	I/O	QSPI IO0	Puya P25Q16H flash
P0.24	I/O	QSPI IO1	Puya P25Q16H flash
P0.22	I/O	QSPI IO2	Puya P25Q16H flash
P0.23	I/O	QSPI IO3	Puya P25Q16H flash
P0.25	OUT	QSPI CSn	Puya P25Q16H flash

Supported Features

The wio_tracker_l1 board supports the hardware features listed below.

on-chip / on-board: Feature integrated in the SoC / present on the board.
2 / 2: Number of instances that are enabled / disabled.
Click on the label to see the first instance of this feature in the board/SoC DTS files.
vnd,foo: Compatible string for the Devicetree binding matching the feature.
Click on the link to view the binding documentation.

`wio_tracker_l1/nrf52840` target

Type	Location	Description	Compatible
CPU	on-chip	ARM Cortex-M4F CPU1	`arm,cortex-m4f`
ADC	on-chip	Nordic Semiconductor nRF family SAADC node1	`nordic,nrf-saadc`
ARM architecture	on-chip	Nordic UICR (User Information Configuration Registers)1	`nordic,nrf-uicr`
	on-chip	Nordic EGU (Event Generator Unit)6	`nordic,nrf-egu`
	on-chip	Nordic nRF family ACL (Access Control List)1	`nordic,nrf-acl`
	on-chip	Nordic nRF family MWU (Memory Watch Unit)1	`nordic,nrf-mwu`
Audio	on-chip	Nordic PDM (Pulse Density Modulation interface)1	`nordic,nrf-pdm`
Clock control	on-chip	Nordic nRF clock control node1	`nordic,nrf-clock`
Clock control	on-chip	Nordic nRF high-frequency crystal oscillator (nRF52 series)1	`nordic,nrf52-hfxo`
Comparator	on-chip	Nordic nRF COMP (analog COMParator)1	`nordic,nrf-comp`
Counter	on-chip	Nordic nRF timer node5	`nordic,nrf-timer`
Cryptographic accelerator	on-chip	Nordic ECB (AES electronic codebook mode encryption)1	`nordic,nrf-ecb`
	on-chip	Nordic nRF family CCM (AES CCM mode encryption)1	`nordic,nrf-ccm`
	on-chip	ARM TrustZone CryptoCell 3101	`arm,cryptocell-310`
Debug	on-chip	ARMv7 instrumentation trace macrocell1	`arm,armv7m-itm`
Display	on-board	SH1106 132x64 dot-matrix display controller on I2C bus1	`sinowealth,sh1106`
Flash controller	on-chip	Nordic NVMC (Non-Volatile Memory Controller)1	`nordic,nrf52-flash-controller`
Flash controller	on-chip	Properties defining the interface for the Nordic QSPI peripheral1	`nordic,nrf-qspi`
GNSS	on-board	Generic GNSS NMEA receiver1	`gnss-nmea-generic`
GPIO & Headers	on-chip	NRF5 GPIOTE1	`nordic,nrf-gpiote`
GPIO & Headers	on-chip	NRF5 GPIO2	`nordic,nrf-gpio`
I2C	on-chip	Nordic nRF family TWIM (TWI master with EasyDMA)2	`nordic,nrf-twim`
I2S	on-chip	Nordic I2S (Inter-IC sound interface)1	`nordic,nrf-i2s`
IEEE 802.15.4	on-chip	Nordic nRF IEEE 802.15.4 node1	`nordic,nrf-ieee802154`
IIO	on-board	Voltage Divider1	`voltage-divider`
Input	on-board	Group of GPIO-bound input keys2	`gpio-keys`
Interrupt controller	on-chip	ARMv7-M NVIC (Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller)1	`arm,v7m-nvic`
LED	on-board	Group of GPIO-controlled LEDs1	`gpio-leds`
LoRa	on-board	Semtech SX1262 LoRa Modem1	`semtech,sx1262`
Miscellaneous	on-chip	Nordic FICR (Factory Information Configuration Registers)1	`nordic,nrf-ficr`
Miscellaneous	on-chip	Nordic nRF family PPI (Programmable Peripheral Interconnect)1	`nordic,nrf-ppi`
MTD	on-chip	Flash node1	`soc-nv-flash`
	on-chip	Fixed partitions of a flash (or other non-volatile storage) memory1	`fixed-partitions`
	on-board	QSPI NOR flash supporting the JEDEC CFI interface1	`nordic,qspi-nor`
Networking	on-chip	Nordic nRF family RADIO peripheral1	`nordic,nrf-radio`
Networking	on-chip	Nordic nRF family NFCT (Near Field Communication Tag)1	`nordic,nrf-nfct`
Pin control	on-chip	Nordic nRF family Pin Controller1	`nordic,nrf-pinctrl`
Power management	on-chip	Nordic nRF power control node1	`nordic,nrf-power`
PWM	on-chip	nRF PWM4	`nordic,nrf-pwm`
PWM	on-chip	nRFx S/W PWM1	`nordic,nrf-sw-pwm`
Regulator	on-chip	Nordic nRF5X regulator (fixed stage of the core supply)1	`nordic,nrf5x-regulator`
Regulator	on-chip	Nordic nRF52X regulator (high voltage stage of the main supply)1	`nordic,nrf52x-regulator-hv`
Retained memory	on-chip	Nordic GPREGRET (General Purpose Register Retention) device2	`nordic,nrf-gpregret`
RNG	on-chip	Nordic nRF family RNG (Random Number Generator)1	`nordic,nrf-rng`
RTC	on-chip	Nordic nRF RTC (Real-Time Counter)3	`nordic,nrf-rtc`
Sensors	on-chip	Nordic nRF family TEMP node1	`nordic,nrf-temp`
Sensors	on-chip	Nordic nRF quadrature decoder (QDEC) node1	`nordic,nrf-qdec`
Serial controller	on-chip	Nordic nRF family UARTE (UART with EasyDMA)1 1	`nordic,nrf-uarte`
SPI	on-chip	Nordic nRF family SPIM (SPI master with EasyDMA)1 3	`nordic,nrf-spim`
SRAM	on-chip	Generic on-chip SRAM1	`mmio-sram`
Timer	on-chip	ARMv7-M System Tick1	`arm,armv7m-systick`
USB	on-chip	Nordic nRF52 USB device controller1	`nordic,nrf-usbd`
Watchdog	on-chip	Nordic nRF family WDT (Watchdog Timer)1	`nordic,nrf-wdt`

Programming and Debugging

The wio_tracker_l1 board supports the runners and associated west commands listed below.

	flash	debug	rtt	debugserver	attach	reset
jlink	✅	✅ (default)	✅	✅	✅	✅
openocd	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
pyocd	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
uf2	✅ (default)

The Wio Tracker L1 ships with a pre-installed Adafruit nRF52 bootloader that exposes a UF2 USB Mass Storage interface when the user double-taps the RST button. The volume identifies itself as Seeed TRACKER L1 with Board-ID TRACKER L1 (see INFO_UF2.TXT on the mounted volume). The default Zephyr workflow relies on this bootloader, so no external SWD probe is required for day-to-day development.

Warning

The bootloader lives in the top 48 kB of flash and is what makes the USB-only flashing flow possible. Erasing it (for example via an external SWD probe and nrfjprog --eraseall) is a one-way trip without that probe: USB recovery will no longer work and the bootloader UF2 must be re-flashed through the SWD pads on the rear of the board.

Flashing

Build the application; the build system produces build/zephyr/zephyr.uf2 because CONFIG_BUILD_OUTPUT_UF2 is enabled by default for this board.
Double-tap the RST button. The board re-enumerates as a USB MSC volume titled WTL1BOOT (or similar, depending on the bootloader revision).
Run west flash. The uf2 runner copies zephyr.uf2 onto the mounted volume; the bootloader writes the image and resets into the application.

Alternatively, drag and drop zephyr.uf2 onto the volume manually.

board.cmake already passes --board-id="TRACKER L1" so that the runner picks the Wio Tracker L1 when multiple UF2-capable devices are mounted at once. Should the bootloader ever be rebuilt with a different Board-ID, override the default on the command line:

west flash --runner uf2 --board-id "<Board-ID from INFO_UF2.TXT>"

Building and flashing the Blinky sample is the recommended smoke test:

# From the root of the zephyr repository
west build -b wio_tracker_l1 samples/basic/blinky
west flash